Map of the study area of high flying Neotropical aerial insectivorous bats along the Panama Canal ranging from wet, largely undisturbed forest in Fort Sherman at the Caribbean Sea to the dry and densely populated urban area of Panama City at the Pacific Ocean. Acoustic recording sites represented the three habitat types: mature secondary forest (Sherman, BCI, GamForest and CT Hotel), urban areas (LaCresta and Smithsonian) and a forest–town interface (GamTown). The thin black lines delineate main roads in the area next to the Panama Canal.